With the release of this improved genome assembly, the UAE researchers were able to map genes for fruit color and sugar content. The draft genome sequence was improved in 2019 with the release of a more complete genome sequence using small molecule real-time sequencing technology by a team from the New York University Abu Dhabi Center for Genomics and Systems Biology and the UAE University Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology in the United Arab Emirates. In 2009, a team of researchers at the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar published a draft version of the date palm genome (Khalas variety). 'Dayri', ' Deglet Nour', 'Zahdi'), and dry (e.g. 'Barhee', 'Halawy', 'Khadrawy', ' Medjool') semi-dry (e.g. Three main cultivar groups exist: soft (e.g. Dates contain a single stone about 2–2.5 cm ( 3⁄ 4–1 in) long and 6–8 mm ( 1⁄ 4– 5⁄ 16 in) thick. In some areas such as Iraq the pollinator climbs the tree using a special climbing tool that wraps around the tree trunk and the climber's back (called تبلية in Arabic) to keep him attached to the trunk while climbing.ĭate fruits are oval-cylindrical, 3–7 cm (1–3 in) long, and 2–3 cm ( 3⁄ 4– 1 + 1⁄ 4 in) diameter, and when ripe, range from bright red to bright yellow in colour, depending on variety.
I SHOOK MY FAMILY TREE AND A BUNCH OF NUTS FELL OUT MANUAL
Manual pollination is done by skilled labourers on ladders, or by use of a wind machine. Some growers do not even maintain any male plants, as male flowers become available at local markets at pollination time. Since the males are of value only as pollinators, they are usually pruned in favor of fruit-producing female plants.
However, with assistance, one male can pollinate up to 100 females. Natural pollination occurs with about an equal number of male and female plants. As with other members of the palm family, date palms do not produce tree rings.ĭates are naturally wind- pollinated, but in both traditional oasis horticulture and in the modern commercial orchards they are entirely pollinated manually. The total annual world production of dates amounts to 8.5 million metric tons, countries of the Middle East and North Africa being the largest producers and consumers. There is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in Arabia from the 6th millennium BCE. Containing 61–68 percent sugar by mass when dried, dates are very sweet and are enjoyed as desserts on their own or within confections.ĭates have been cultivated in the Middle East and the Indus Valley for thousands of years. Date fruits (dates) are oval-cylindrical, 3 to 7 centimetres (1 to 3 inches) long, and about 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter, with colour ranging from dark brown to bright red or yellow, depending on variety. Slow-growing, they can reach over 100 years of age when maintained properly. ĭate trees reach up to 30 metres (100 feet) in height, growing singly or forming a clump with several stems from a single root system. P. dactylifera is the type species of genus Phoenix, which contains 12–19 species of wild date palms. The species is widely cultivated across northern Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia, and is naturalized in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as date or date palm, is a flowering plant species in the palm family, Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit called dates. Phoenix iberica D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón.Phoenix chevalieri D.Rivera, S.Ríos & Obón.
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